This is a follow-up to de5c61c.

This allows rbenv source code to ship with built-in hooks.

This was introduced when merging the rbenv upstream change
(https://github.com/sstephenson/rbenv/commit/6bb7f07d2d).

It doesn't need to be a bash array and we don't need a separate index of
shims registered. Simply keep everything in a space-separated string and
use that as an index as well.

This assumes that executable names *never* have spaces in them.

On my system that has 25 versions under rbenv, this speeds up rehash
almost 3-fold:

- before: 391 ms
- after:  134 ms

This is achieved by removing duplicate names of executables before
registering them as shims. Since most Rubies will share a lot of the
same executable names ("ruby", "rake", "bundle", ...), this is a
considerable reduction in number of shims registered.

Too many of our users have a shell initialization set up that
inadvertently duplicates some or most of the entries in their PATH,
bringing the system paths again in front of rbenv's shims. If this was a
nested shell (a typical scenario when starting up tmux), `rbenv init`
would get eval'd again but this time, shims won't get added to the front
of the PATH and would only stay and the end of the path, effectively
rendering them useless.

I tried to argue that this is a user problem rather than rbenv's, but I
can't fix everybody shell init when they report bugs. Instead, let's
revert to simpler times in rbenv where we just roll along with the
duplication and don't ask any questions.

This reverts commit 03fa148e81.

Fixes #369

Delegate to `rbenv-shims` instead of `rbenv shims` and therefore skip
going through the main `rbenv` executable again that would set up a lot
of the environment that was already set.

This adds the missing parts from the upstream rbenv merge:
f4652fbbf0

- e4cbf04592
- 3ee395f9b5

This implements removing of the shims path element via bash
substitution, instead of jumping around in all the `$PATH` elements.

Running any shim (and thus `rbenv-exec`) would always execute
`rbenv-version-name` twice: once in `rbenv-exec` and another time in
`rbenv-which`, even though RBENV_VERSION variable would have already
been populated at this point.

Now RBENV_VERSION is respected within `rbenv-which`.

It's slow and not necessary since we expect `$0` to already be expanded.

In tests this change forces us to deal with some relative paths, but
it's not a big deal. The `rbenv init -` output in the most common case
will be the same as before:

    source '/home/myuser/.rbenv/libexec/../completions/rbenv.bash'

This speeds up every `rbenv` invocation significantly.

On systems that support both C compiling and dynamic loading, we can
speed up `realpath()` (where most time in rbenv is spent) by replacing
it with a dynamically loaded bash builtin.

When `make -C src` is called in the project's root,
`libexec/rbenv-realpath.dylib` will be created. If it exists, rbenv will
attempt to load it as a builtin command. If it fails, execution will
fall back to the old `realpath()` shell function.

With e.g. /usr/local/bin/.python-version owned by some user, `pyenv
local foo` would fail, if the user has no permissions for
`/usr/local/bin`, but only the `.python-version` file.

Allows for code to be added to the end of the script which will not
mysteriously fail to run for fish shell.

When created on Windows, .rbenv-version or .ruby-version files may have CR characters that will prevent rbenv from correctly parsing the Ruby version. Discard those characters when reading the file.

This greatly improves the performance of `pyenv virtualenvwrapper_lazy`,
which happens to call pyenv-which a lot.

For profiling I've initially used:

    % zmodload zsh/zprof
    % eval "$(pyenv init -)"
    % pyenv virtualenvwrapper_lazy

    Before:
    % zprof|grep -E '(pyenv|virtualenv)'
     1)    1         754,07   754,07   58,95%    751,50   751,50   58,75%  pyenv
    21)    1           2,57     2,57    0,20%      2,57     2,57    0,20%  virtualenvwrapper_setup_lazy_loader
     1)    1         754,07   754,07   58,95%    751,50   751,50   58,75%  pyenv
           1/1         2,57     2,57    0,20%      2,57     2,57             virtualenvwrapper_setup_lazy_loader [21]
           1/1         2,57     2,57    0,20%      2,57     2,57             pyenv [1]
    21)    1           2,57     2,57    0,20%      2,57     2,57    0,20%  virtualenvwrapper_setup_lazy_loader

    After:
    % zprof|grep -E '(pyenv|virtualenv)'
     1)    1         383,30   383,30   27,97%    380,88   380,88   27,79%  pyenv
    31)    1           2,42     2,42    0,18%      2,42     2,42    0,18%  virtualenvwrapper_setup_lazy_loader
     1)    1         383,30   383,30   27,97%    380,88   380,88   27,79%  pyenv
           1/1         2,42     2,42    0,18%      2,42     2,42             virtualenvwrapper_setup_lazy_loader [31]
           1/1         2,42     2,42    0,18%      2,42     2,42             pyenv [1]
    31)    1           2,42     2,42    0,18%      2,42     2,42    0,18%  virtualenvwrapper_setup_lazy_loader

Fixes https://github.com/yyuu/pyenv-virtualenvwrapper/issues/13