Process substitution seems to be causing problems with some versions of
bash on specific systems.

Fixes #401

Avoids the case where shell detection would result in
`basename "-bash"` invocation, triggering the error:

    basename: illegal option -- b

fixes #462

`$SHELL` variable is a terrible way of detecting the current shell
because it's not even supposed to reflect the current shell; it's meant
for keeping the value of the default shell for programs to start.

If an explicit `<shell>` argument wasn't passed to `rbenv init`, it
tries to detect the shell by getting the name of its parent process. If
this fails, it falls back on the value of `$SHELL` as before.

Furthermore, `rbenv init` will set the RBENV_SHELL variable in the
current shell to the value of the detected shell so that `sh-shell` and
`sh-rehash` commands don't have to repeat the detection.

Have `rbenv prefix` handle the case where system Ruby is not installed,
i.e. `rbenv which ruby` doesn't find ruby in PATH.

Fixes #362

If `rbenv init -` outputs `.` in place of `source` and that gets eval'd
by the desktop manager via `~/.profile`, it chokes and prevents the user
from logging in.

Fixes #457

ksh syntax becomes:

    function rbenv {
      typeset command

`typeset` only declares a local variable if there's an explicit
`function` declaration; otherwise the variable leaks.

Other shells use this syntax:

    rbenv() {
      local command

This is for dash compatibility, which supports neither `function` nor
`typeset`.

references #205, fixes #408

Use process subtitution syntax:

    . (rbenv init -|psub)

instead of:

    eval (rbenv init -)

because the latter doesn't work well with newlines.

fixes #450

fixes #444

readlink comes from GNU coreutils.  On systems without it, rbenv used to
spin out of control when it didn't have readlink or greadlink available
because it would re-exec the frontend script over and over instead of the
worker script in libexec.

Fixes #389

Enable JavasCript, Lua and Erlang scripts to provide completions

Fixes #344, #196

Fixes #238

In systems that use the MAWK interpreter (the default AWK installed with
Ubuntu), the output of `rbenv help <command>` would have no line breaks.
The issue is fixed by changing `gsub` to `sub` in the snippet of awk
commands that are used to extract documentation comments.

I suspect the bug is something to do with the way the '^' and '$'
characters are interpreted by different AWK interpreters (per-line vs
per-string anchors).

If I understand correctly, the purpose of trim() is to remove all line
breaks from the start and end of each sections of a command's
documentation, in which case `sub` should serve the same purpose.

This makes it possible to execute rbenv shims without rbenv's bin
directory in the path.

Before, lines of help that were indented were stripped away.

A command doesn't have to specify Usage docs if it doesn't accept any
arguments. The default usage for a command will be printed as:

    Usage: rbenv ${command}

System ruby is already on PATH (that's the definition of system ruby) and by
duplicating its path by putting it in front, we can break the user's
environment.

Fixes #275

Fixes #119