Test case: See the first comment of issue #295.

Before:
num  calls                time                       self            name
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1)   14         284.67    20.33   82.84%    284.67    20.33   82.84%  _zsh_highlight_highlighter_brackets_paint
 2)   15         313.72    20.91   91.30%     26.62     1.77    7.75%  _zsh_highlight
 3)   14         318.68    22.76   92.74%      7.41     0.53    2.16%  _zsh_highlight_call_widget

After:
num  calls                time                       self            name
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1)   15          57.25     3.82   45.33%     28.30     1.89   22.41%  _zsh_highlight
 2)   14          81.96     5.85   64.90%     27.02     1.93   21.40%  _zsh_highlight_call_widget
 3)   14          26.31     1.88   20.84%     26.31     1.88   20.84%  _zsh_highlight_highlighter_brackets_paint
 4)    2          10.66     5.33    8.44%      8.97     4.49    7.10%  VCS_INFO_formats
 5)    2          25.92    12.96   20.52%      7.72     3.86    6.11%  VCS_INFO_get_data_git

(That's not in my everyday configuration but in my minimal testing
setup, which runs vcs_info with the default settings.)

Closes #112. Closes #138.

This tracks the API change made in the previous commit, as suggested in the
(#if 0'd) deprecation warning.

Use correct indexing also for cursor-matchingbracket.

Fixup for 95d82568d8

Without this when bracket_color_size is 0,
    $(( (levelpos[$pos] - 1) % bracket_color_size + 1 ))
errors with division by zero.

Since the _zsh_highlight_add_highlight that the tests use ignores
ZSH_HIGHLIGHT_STYLES, we can test both an injective mapping and an empty
mapping at once.

This removes the need for the typepos array.

zsh arrays start at one, and this will make the next commit easier.

'none' is a valid highlighting type. Since by convention styles are all
lowercase, 'NONE' shouldn't conflict with anything.

Closes #289.

_zsh_highlight_add_highlight appends to region_highlight $1 $2 and the
next non-null parameter. If there is no non-null parameter, do nothing,
This is so that highlighters can add a style with fallbacks if the most
specific style is not defined. If none of the applicable styles are
defined, do the right thing and don't add an invalid entry to
region_highlight.

The pattern highlighter doesn't use this function as it'd need too large
of an API change.

Compute «${#BUFFER}» just once.  I haven't measured the effect of this, but
it might just avoid a strlen() every time around the loop, which could add
up for large ${BUFFER}s.

See issue #295.

All these files should be sourced, not executed; and Debian's lintian complains:

W: zsh-syntax-highlighting: script-not-executable usr/share/zsh-syntax-highlighting/zsh-syntax-highlighting.zsh

Fixes issue #195.

* use a nicer variable name

* reuse $pos instead of using another variable
* remove declaration forgotten in last commit